The 5 P’s are a simple framework used to help us understand a person’s situation and needs holistically. They include Presenting issues (what is happening now), Predisposing factors (past experiences or circumstances that may have increased vulnerability), Precipitating factors (events that triggered the current difficulties), Perpetuating factors (issues that are keeping the difficulties going), and Protective factors (strengths, supports, and resources that promote resilience and recovery). Using the 5 P’s helps staff develop a person-centred understanding, inform assessment and care planning, and identify opportunities for positive change.